Business Organisation & Management:Unit 20 Directing

S.no	Leadership	Managership
1	A Leader May not have any formal authority, but he has power to influence	A manager has formal authority which is granted by the organization
2	A leader performs only the directing function	Manager performs all the functions of a manager
3	Is elected	Is selected
4	May have short term orientation	May have long term orientation

Business Organisation & Management:Unit-19 Training and Development

Training Methods:

On-the job training:-

1. Employee learns by doing.
2. Exposed to real work situation.
3. Follows orders from experienced people and carries out instruction and adopt the right technique while doing the job.
4. Can seek clarifications on various matters and obtain guidance from seniors.

Job rotation, coaching or job instruction, working as assistant also called as apprenticeship, temporary promotions etc.

Off the job training:

1. Jobs that are complicated in nature and require special technical knowledge.
2. Trainee s are expected to leave their workplace and undergo training for a specified period.
3. These are conducted within the company.
4. They are exposed to special courses by outsider experts, lectures and conferences, case studies, film and television shows, vertibule-training, sensitivity trainig etc.
5. In this trainee is free from the job demands and job pressures.

The focus is more on learning than doing. Since Experts, well supported by visual aids offer the training, the trainee learn quickly.

S.no	On-the-job techniques	Off-the-job techniques
1	Coaching	Case study
2	Understudy	Special course
3	Position rotation	Business games
4	Multiple Management	Role Playing

Selection of Competent persons for a job is only the first step in staffing. The selected people should be trained and developed in order to build an effective work force.

S.No	Training	Development
1	It is the act of increasing knowledge and skills of an employee for doing a particular job.	Act of improving and achieving the growth of employee in all aspects
2	It is an organized activity by which people learn and acquire new skills and knowledge.	It is an organized activity by which people learn about growth of an individual in all aspects.
3	It is instruction in technical and mechanical operations	It is philosophical, theoretical and educational aspects.
4	Training is meant for non-managers	It meant to managerial staff
5	Short-term job related objectives	Long term career oriented objectives
6	Job-oriented program	Career oriented program

Business Organisation & Management:Unit -I Business Concepts and Evolution of Business.

Business Concepts and Evolution of Business.

Aim of Business is not only to earn Profits.

But a Business cannot afford to have profit alone as its sole objective.

Responsibility of business towards society:

Business is to cater to the needs of Customers.
Provide Services to the public.



Responsibility of business towards its employees:

Business must fulfill the responsible employees by providing food working conditions and reasonable wages.

Economic Objectives of Business:

Earning of satisfactory profit.
creation of customers
making innovations which help the customers in getting better and more economic goods and services.


Social Objectives
Supply of quality goods to the community
Fair deal to workers
Fair return to investors
Fair dealings with the suppliers